The Sovereignty of Allah has the following attributes:
1. Allah’s Sovereignty is absolute’:
Allah is the Almighty and He is supreme over all things: ala kulli shain Qadeer, says the Quran. He is the Absolute or Qadir-i-Mutlaq. He is the sole possessor of all power or malik al-midk and Malik an-Nas. Only His is the Kingdom of the Heavens and the Earth. Hence His powers are unlimited and absolute. He is omnipotent, omnipresent and omniscient
2. Allah’s Sovereignty is universal and all-comprehensive:
Allah’s sovereignty covers all and touches all. It extends to every particle in the heavens and on the earth. Indeed, there is no limit and no exception to His power, for it is all-comprehensive. Allah encompasses everything and all things in the heavens and on the earth. Even a leaf on the tree does not move without his permission or will. He is the Lord of both the worlds (rub ul-alamin). From Him come all things and to Him will return all things.
3. Allah’s Sovereignty is eternal:
Allah’s sovereignty is eternal, from the beginnings of the time to the end of time. His sovereignty is not fleeting or transitory: it is permanent and eternal. All things and beings will taste death. Allah’s authority is everlasting and immortal.
4. Allah’s sovereignty is indivisible and inalienable:
Allah’s sovereignty remains always indivisible; although He may Krant authority to anyone He may please. But He can withdraw it at any time as He likes. His sovereignty is inalienable: it cannot he given away to anyone, nor it is shared with anyone else. These attributes are manifest in the verses of the Quran, as for example, “There is no god, but God.” Or, “If there were gods beside Allah, then verily (both the heavens and the earth) had been disordered. Glorified be Allah, the Lord of the Throne, from all that they ascribe (unto Him).”- (21:22) or again, “Allah hath not chosen any .nil, nor is there any god along with Him; else would each god have assuredly championed that what he created and some of them would assuredly have overcome others. Glorified be Allah above all they allege, Knower of the invisible and visible! And exalted be He over all that they ascribe as partners unto Him”. (23:90-93)
These verses show that Allah’s sovereignty is monistic, and not pluralistic. A pluralistic sovereignty is a contradiction in terms.
5. Allah’s sovereignty is original:
Allah’s sovereignty is not derived from any being or authority superior to Him. He is Himself Sovereign, Eternal and Everlasting. He alone is the wonderful Originator (Fatir) and the Creator (Khaliq) of all things in heavens or earth. He is neither begotten nor does He beget. He does not eat, He does not drink and He does not sleep. He is free from all limitations of the mortals. He sustains everything. He is the First and He is the Last. Everything is mortal (fani) and in the end everything well return to Him. Hence He is original. He is indestructible. He alone really exists and He alone will exist for ever, For He is the only Reality. He created all, but He is Himself not created.