Propaganda is chameleon-like in its forms and shapes. It is carried on in innumerable ways, such as spoken words, printed words, slogans, symbols, personal contact, mass action, etc. Its means are also as numerous as its forms. They are: person-to-person conversation, meetings, parties, press, platform, radio, cinema, television, educational institutions, and the like.
In its simplest form, the propaganda process consists of three factors: the propagandist and his message, the strategy and techniques used, and the audience or the people or the groups of people who are exposed to the propaganda. The propagandist may be an individual or a group of individuals, an agency or institution with a message, interested in influencing the opinions, attitudes and behaviour of the people exposed to the propaganda. The strategy and techniques are the methods and means to achieve the aims and goals of propaganda. The people or groups exposed to propaganda may be the people in general or the electorate in the country in
the case of internal propaganda, and the groups and peoples who are the targets of a foreign propaganda. In this chapter, we shall be mainly,’ though not exclusively, concerned with the internal forms and process of propaganda.