A federal State is one in which the supreme powers in the State are illslributed by the constitution between a central government and the governments of the federating units, making each government supreme within its own sphere of powers. As distinguished from a unitary government, a federation is a dual government, with two sets of liovernments, each of which exercises supreme and original authority within ill sphere of powers as defined by the constitution. According to Hamilton, n federation is an association of States forming a new one.” In the opinion ill Dicey, it is “a political contrivance intended to reconcile national unity wllh the maintenance of State rights.”<\/p>