The Indus Basin soils are created by depositing the alluvium by the river Indus and are generally called Indus Basin Soils. These can further be divided into three major groups. First group is known as Bangar soil of alluvium which is very productive when irrigated and fertilized.
This soil covers a vast area in the Indus plain, including most of the area of the Punjab, Peshawar, Mardan, Bannu and the greater part of the Indus Plain. The second group is called Khaddar soil and is formed from the flooded layers of silt, loam and silty clay loam. Such type of soil is commonly found is Mardan and Bahawalpur. This soil is very fruitful for agriculture products when plenty of water is added in to it.
The third group of soil is Indus Delta soil Covering the whole of Indus Delta from south of Hyderabad to the Arabian Sea coast. Before becoming part of the sea, Indus River is distributed here into a number of branches. About one third of the area is covered by clay covered by clay soil which is developed under flooded water conditions. This soil is used for the cultivation of rice.